Ancient Indian Architecture

The ancient Indian architecture embraces a variety of structures that came into existence in the ancient period of Indian history. The vast diversity of Indian culture gets reflected in the country's architectural monuments and structures. In fact, the architecture of India exhibits a wonderful amalgamation of ancient and variegated traditions taken from Europe, Central and West Asia.

Indian Architecture during Indus Valley Civilization

Discussion on Ancient Indian architecture can be started with the architectural structures that came into being during Indus Valley Civilization. Indus Valley Civilization witnessed the development of well-planned cities with remarkable architectural structures. There were several fort-like structures spread across the Vedic villages. The Vedic hymns make us aware of the 'purs' constructed of meal and stone

Ancient Indian Temple Architecture

The origin of Ancient Indian Temple Architecture dates back to the 5th century BC. Ancient Indian architectural forms are generally categorized into two styles:

• Nagara Style
• Dravida Style

The Nagara style is distinguished by a curved roof. The architectural structures with Dravida style are remarkable for their pyramid -like roofing structures. The artistic talent of the Indian artisans get exhibited in the ancient Indian temples like the Sun Temple of Konark, Brihadeeswara Temple and Thanjavur. Apart from the Nagara and Dravida types, many other types of temple came into being in the places like Kerala, Bengal and Kashmir.

Ancient Indian Architecture: Buddhist Influence

As far as the ancient Indian art and architecture is concerned, several Buddhist temples and Viharas emerged during the rule of Maurya Empire. Apart from the Viharas, stone architectural structures also came into existence. The Ashokan Period marked the emergence of rock-cut architecture with wonderful carvings and depictions on them. The Post-Mauryan period witnessed the emergence of 2 distinct types of architecture. They include:

• The Gandhara School
• The Mahura School

Ancient Indian Architecture: Mughal Influence

With the establishment of Mughal empire in India, the Indian architecture underwent a remarkable change. The artists and sculptors adopted new styles and architectural forms. Mos of the structures con structured during the Mughal era are arched or dome-shaped. The following architectural structures came into existence during the Mughal rule in India:

• Jama Masjid
• Taj Mahal
• Gol Gumbaz
• Diwan-i-Khas
• Red Fort

Indian architecture recognized as World Heritage Sites

Several Indian architectural structures have been recognized as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. They are:

• Ajanta Caves
• Ellora Caves
• Buddhist Monuments (Sanchi)
• Humayun's Tomb ( Delhi)
• Agra Fort
• Qutub Minar (Delhi)
• Taj Mahal
• Elephanta Caves